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celltrace tm violet cell proliferation kit  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Thermo Fisher celltrace tm violet cell proliferation kit
    (A) Donor H2 Ag in splenic FDCs (inset, arrows) after transplantation of B6 (H2 b ) hearts in BALB/c mice. Original magnification ×200. Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Quantification with ImageJ of donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on spleens of BALB/c mice transplanted with B6 hearts. (C) Donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on BALB/c LNs draining B6 skin allografts assessed using ImageJ. (D) Deep SIM of donor H2 Ag spots in FDCs of a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft. Scale bar, 2 μm. ROI, region of interest. (E and F) 2P-microscopy of FDCs in the spleen of a BALB/c mouse transplanted with a B6 heart releasing RFP-sEVs (E) and a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft releasing RFP-sEVs (F). Arrows: graft-RFP-sEVs on the surface (red) or inside (yellow) of FDCs (green). <t>CellTrace</t> Violet-B cells indicate B cell follicles. FDCs were labeled with AF488-CD21/CD35 Ab. Original magnification ×25. Scale bars, 20 μm. (G) Colocalization by confocal microscopy of donor (B6, IA b + H2K b ) allo-Ags in FDCs of LNs draining CMV Cre/+ LSL -RFP-CD63 B6 skin grafted in BALB/c mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. Mander’s colocalization coefficient of graft-sEVs and donor IA b + H2K b Ab analyzed using Imaris. Each triangle represents one FDC network. In (E) and (F), RFP spots per FDC network z stacks were quantified within 90-μm-thick z stacks using Imaris. Experiments were done on 4 spleens per POD (A and B), 6 graft-dLNs per POD (C), 3 graft-dLNs (D), 4 spleens (E), 4 graft-dLNs (F), and 12 graft-dLNs (G). In (B), (C), (E), and (F), comparisons were made by multiple unpaired two-tailed Student’s test. Error bars, means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; NS, not significant.
    Celltrace Tm Violet Cell Proliferation Kit, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/celltrace+violet+cell+proliferation+kit/celltrace+violet/pmc12281710-105-0-10
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    celltrace tm violet cell proliferation kit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Transplants foster B cell alloimmunity by relaying extracellular vesicles to follicular dendritic cells"

    Article Title: Transplants foster B cell alloimmunity by relaying extracellular vesicles to follicular dendritic cells

    Journal: Cell reports

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115832

    (A) Donor H2 Ag in splenic FDCs (inset, arrows) after transplantation of B6 (H2 b ) hearts in BALB/c mice. Original magnification ×200. Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Quantification with ImageJ of donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on spleens of BALB/c mice transplanted with B6 hearts. (C) Donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on BALB/c LNs draining B6 skin allografts assessed using ImageJ. (D) Deep SIM of donor H2 Ag spots in FDCs of a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft. Scale bar, 2 μm. ROI, region of interest. (E and F) 2P-microscopy of FDCs in the spleen of a BALB/c mouse transplanted with a B6 heart releasing RFP-sEVs (E) and a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft releasing RFP-sEVs (F). Arrows: graft-RFP-sEVs on the surface (red) or inside (yellow) of FDCs (green). CellTrace Violet-B cells indicate B cell follicles. FDCs were labeled with AF488-CD21/CD35 Ab. Original magnification ×25. Scale bars, 20 μm. (G) Colocalization by confocal microscopy of donor (B6, IA b + H2K b ) allo-Ags in FDCs of LNs draining CMV Cre/+ LSL -RFP-CD63 B6 skin grafted in BALB/c mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. Mander’s colocalization coefficient of graft-sEVs and donor IA b + H2K b Ab analyzed using Imaris. Each triangle represents one FDC network. In (E) and (F), RFP spots per FDC network z stacks were quantified within 90-μm-thick z stacks using Imaris. Experiments were done on 4 spleens per POD (A and B), 6 graft-dLNs per POD (C), 3 graft-dLNs (D), 4 spleens (E), 4 graft-dLNs (F), and 12 graft-dLNs (G). In (B), (C), (E), and (F), comparisons were made by multiple unpaired two-tailed Student’s test. Error bars, means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; NS, not significant.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Donor H2 Ag in splenic FDCs (inset, arrows) after transplantation of B6 (H2 b ) hearts in BALB/c mice. Original magnification ×200. Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Quantification with ImageJ of donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on spleens of BALB/c mice transplanted with B6 hearts. (C) Donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on BALB/c LNs draining B6 skin allografts assessed using ImageJ. (D) Deep SIM of donor H2 Ag spots in FDCs of a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft. Scale bar, 2 μm. ROI, region of interest. (E and F) 2P-microscopy of FDCs in the spleen of a BALB/c mouse transplanted with a B6 heart releasing RFP-sEVs (E) and a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft releasing RFP-sEVs (F). Arrows: graft-RFP-sEVs on the surface (red) or inside (yellow) of FDCs (green). CellTrace Violet-B cells indicate B cell follicles. FDCs were labeled with AF488-CD21/CD35 Ab. Original magnification ×25. Scale bars, 20 μm. (G) Colocalization by confocal microscopy of donor (B6, IA b + H2K b ) allo-Ags in FDCs of LNs draining CMV Cre/+ LSL -RFP-CD63 B6 skin grafted in BALB/c mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. Mander’s colocalization coefficient of graft-sEVs and donor IA b + H2K b Ab analyzed using Imaris. Each triangle represents one FDC network. In (E) and (F), RFP spots per FDC network z stacks were quantified within 90-μm-thick z stacks using Imaris. Experiments were done on 4 spleens per POD (A and B), 6 graft-dLNs per POD (C), 3 graft-dLNs (D), 4 spleens (E), 4 graft-dLNs (F), and 12 graft-dLNs (G). In (B), (C), (E), and (F), comparisons were made by multiple unpaired two-tailed Student’s test. Error bars, means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; NS, not significant.

    Techniques Used: Transplantation Assay, Microscopy, Labeling, Confocal Microscopy, Two Tailed Test

    Related Articles

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Proliferation Assay:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Article Title: CD38-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes the stability and suppressive function of regulatory T cells in tumor.
    Article Snippet: .. Naïve T cells were isolated from the spleens of WT C57BL/6 mice and labeled with CTV using the CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

    Transgenic Assay:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Staining:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Article Title: α-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia
    Article Snippet: .. For cell staining, the CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (Invitrogen) was used. .. For both experiments, fluorescence microscopy was performed using an LSM 710 confocal microscope (Zeiss) with Zen Black Studio 2010 software.

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Article Title: Phosphatidylserine as a tumor target for CAR-T cell therapy.
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    Article Title: Anti-ASGR-1 monoclonal inhibitory antibodies
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    Article Title: Targeting tumor monocyte-intrinsic PD-L1 by rewiring STING signaling and enhancing STING agonist therapy.
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    Article Title: CD38-mediated metabolic reprogramming promotes the stability and suppressive function of regulatory T cells in tumor.
    Article Snippet: .. Naïve T cells were isolated from the spleens of WT C57BL/6 mice and labeled with CTV using the CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

    Control:

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.
    Article Snippet: Following this, the grid was blotted to remove excess stain and left to air-dry at ambient temperature. the negatively stained eV samples were then visualized using a JeOl JeM-1400Flash electron microscope (akishima, Japan) operating at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. .. In vitro T cell proliferation assay lymph node t cells isolated from c57Bl/6 and Ot-ii transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM celltrace Violet (ctV) cell Proliferation Kit (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °c for 3 min. the labeled cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio. then, 1 × 105 ctV-labeled mixed cells were co-cultured with 10 μg/ml of aP-eVs, control seVs, or anti-mouse cD3/cD28 beads (thermo Fisher scientific, Waltham, Ma) for three days. subsequently, proliferation and differentiation of Ot-ii t cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. ..

    Injection:

    Article Title: Phosphatidylserine as a tumor target for CAR-T cell therapy.
    Article Snippet: .. In parallel, CAR- T cells labeled with CTV (CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit, Thermo Fisher) were injected into mice bearing tumors to characterize their proliferative capacity and phenotype. ..

    Multiplex Assay:

    Article Title: Anti-ASGR-1 monoclonal inhibitory antibodies
    Article Snippet: .. A typical 384 well plate multiplex flow cytometry-based cell binding method is described as followed: Parental CHO-S cells and CHO-S:huASGR-1 cells were respectively labeled using a CellTrace CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34554) and CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34557) CHO-S:muASGR-1 were not labeled. ..

    Cytometry:

    Article Title: Anti-ASGR-1 monoclonal inhibitory antibodies
    Article Snippet: .. A typical 384 well plate multiplex flow cytometry-based cell binding method is described as followed: Parental CHO-S cells and CHO-S:huASGR-1 cells were respectively labeled using a CellTrace CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34554) and CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34557) CHO-S:muASGR-1 were not labeled. ..

    Binding Assay:

    Article Title: Anti-ASGR-1 monoclonal inhibitory antibodies
    Article Snippet: .. A typical 384 well plate multiplex flow cytometry-based cell binding method is described as followed: Parental CHO-S cells and CHO-S:huASGR-1 cells were respectively labeled using a CellTrace CFSE Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34554) and CellTrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit (ThermoFisher Catalog #C34557) CHO-S:muASGR-1 were not labeled. ..

    other:




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    Thermo Fisher celltrace violet cell proliferation kit, for flow cytometry
    Selective expansion and differentiation of T cells by AP-EVs-Th1 and AP-EVs-Th2 in vitro . (a) Lymph node T cells from C57BL/6 and OT-II transgenic mice were combined in a 1:1 ratio. The combined cells were labeled with <t>CellTrace</t> Violet <t>(CTV)</t> and treated with control EVs or AP-EVs-Th1. (b) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th1, control EVs, or anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads for three days, and <t>proliferation</t> and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (c) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2/CD45.1) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th1, or control EVs. (d) Percentage of T-bet-expressing CD4 + T cells. (e) Bar graph showing the percentage of T-bet-expressing wild-type (WT) CD4 + T or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th1 (orange). (f) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th2 or control EVs for three days, and the proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (g) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th2, or control EVs. (h) Percentage of GATA-3-expressing CD4 + T cells. (i) Bar graph showing the percentage of GATA-3-expressing WT CD4 + or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th2 (orange).
    Celltrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit, For Flow Cytometry, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/celltrace+violet+cell+proliferation+kit/celltrace+violet/pm40023158-292-304-306
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    celltrace violet cell proliferation kit, for flow cytometry - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    Fisher Scientific celltrace violet cell proliferation kit 15579992
    Selective expansion and differentiation of T cells by AP-EVs-Th1 and AP-EVs-Th2 in vitro . (a) Lymph node T cells from C57BL/6 and OT-II transgenic mice were combined in a 1:1 ratio. The combined cells were labeled with <t>CellTrace</t> Violet <t>(CTV)</t> and treated with control EVs or AP-EVs-Th1. (b) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th1, control EVs, or anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads for three days, and <t>proliferation</t> and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (c) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2/CD45.1) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th1, or control EVs. (d) Percentage of T-bet-expressing CD4 + T cells. (e) Bar graph showing the percentage of T-bet-expressing wild-type (WT) CD4 + T or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th1 (orange). (f) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th2 or control EVs for three days, and the proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (g) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th2, or control EVs. (h) Percentage of GATA-3-expressing CD4 + T cells. (i) Bar graph showing the percentage of GATA-3-expressing WT CD4 + or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th2 (orange).
    Celltrace Violet Cell Proliferation Kit 15579992, supplied by Fisher Scientific, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/celltrace+violet+cell+proliferation+kit/celltrace+violet+proliferation+dye/bio_rxiv__2025__04__16__649059-277-21-27
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    celltrace violet cell proliferation kit 15579992 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    Image Search Results


    (A) Donor H2 Ag in splenic FDCs (inset, arrows) after transplantation of B6 (H2 b ) hearts in BALB/c mice. Original magnification ×200. Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Quantification with ImageJ of donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on spleens of BALB/c mice transplanted with B6 hearts. (C) Donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on BALB/c LNs draining B6 skin allografts assessed using ImageJ. (D) Deep SIM of donor H2 Ag spots in FDCs of a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft. Scale bar, 2 μm. ROI, region of interest. (E and F) 2P-microscopy of FDCs in the spleen of a BALB/c mouse transplanted with a B6 heart releasing RFP-sEVs (E) and a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft releasing RFP-sEVs (F). Arrows: graft-RFP-sEVs on the surface (red) or inside (yellow) of FDCs (green). CellTrace Violet-B cells indicate B cell follicles. FDCs were labeled with AF488-CD21/CD35 Ab. Original magnification ×25. Scale bars, 20 μm. (G) Colocalization by confocal microscopy of donor (B6, IA b + H2K b ) allo-Ags in FDCs of LNs draining CMV Cre/+ LSL -RFP-CD63 B6 skin grafted in BALB/c mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. Mander’s colocalization coefficient of graft-sEVs and donor IA b + H2K b Ab analyzed using Imaris. Each triangle represents one FDC network. In (E) and (F), RFP spots per FDC network z stacks were quantified within 90-μm-thick z stacks using Imaris. Experiments were done on 4 spleens per POD (A and B), 6 graft-dLNs per POD (C), 3 graft-dLNs (D), 4 spleens (E), 4 graft-dLNs (F), and 12 graft-dLNs (G). In (B), (C), (E), and (F), comparisons were made by multiple unpaired two-tailed Student’s test. Error bars, means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; NS, not significant.

    Journal: Cell reports

    Article Title: Transplants foster B cell alloimmunity by relaying extracellular vesicles to follicular dendritic cells

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115832

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Donor H2 Ag in splenic FDCs (inset, arrows) after transplantation of B6 (H2 b ) hearts in BALB/c mice. Original magnification ×200. Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Quantification with ImageJ of donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on spleens of BALB/c mice transplanted with B6 hearts. (C) Donor H2 Ag spots per FDC network on BALB/c LNs draining B6 skin allografts assessed using ImageJ. (D) Deep SIM of donor H2 Ag spots in FDCs of a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft. Scale bar, 2 μm. ROI, region of interest. (E and F) 2P-microscopy of FDCs in the spleen of a BALB/c mouse transplanted with a B6 heart releasing RFP-sEVs (E) and a BALB/c LN draining a B6 skin graft releasing RFP-sEVs (F). Arrows: graft-RFP-sEVs on the surface (red) or inside (yellow) of FDCs (green). CellTrace Violet-B cells indicate B cell follicles. FDCs were labeled with AF488-CD21/CD35 Ab. Original magnification ×25. Scale bars, 20 μm. (G) Colocalization by confocal microscopy of donor (B6, IA b + H2K b ) allo-Ags in FDCs of LNs draining CMV Cre/+ LSL -RFP-CD63 B6 skin grafted in BALB/c mice. Scale bar, 10 μm. Mander’s colocalization coefficient of graft-sEVs and donor IA b + H2K b Ab analyzed using Imaris. Each triangle represents one FDC network. In (E) and (F), RFP spots per FDC network z stacks were quantified within 90-μm-thick z stacks using Imaris. Experiments were done on 4 spleens per POD (A and B), 6 graft-dLNs per POD (C), 3 graft-dLNs (D), 4 spleens (E), 4 graft-dLNs (F), and 12 graft-dLNs (G). In (B), (C), (E), and (F), comparisons were made by multiple unpaired two-tailed Student’s test. Error bars, means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; NS, not significant.

    Article Snippet: CellTrace TM Violet Cell Proliferation Kit, for flow cytometry , Thermo Fisher , Cat # C34557.

    Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Microscopy, Labeling, Confocal Microscopy, Two Tailed Test

    Selective expansion and differentiation of T cells by AP-EVs-Th1 and AP-EVs-Th2 in vitro . (a) Lymph node T cells from C57BL/6 and OT-II transgenic mice were combined in a 1:1 ratio. The combined cells were labeled with CellTrace Violet (CTV) and treated with control EVs or AP-EVs-Th1. (b) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th1, control EVs, or anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads for three days, and proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (c) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2/CD45.1) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th1, or control EVs. (d) Percentage of T-bet-expressing CD4 + T cells. (e) Bar graph showing the percentage of T-bet-expressing wild-type (WT) CD4 + T or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th1 (orange). (f) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th2 or control EVs for three days, and the proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (g) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th2, or control EVs. (h) Percentage of GATA-3-expressing CD4 + T cells. (i) Bar graph showing the percentage of GATA-3-expressing WT CD4 + or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th2 (orange).

    Journal: Drug Delivery

    Article Title: Selective expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells by engineered extracellular vesicles

    doi: 10.1080/10717544.2025.2509969

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Selective expansion and differentiation of T cells by AP-EVs-Th1 and AP-EVs-Th2 in vitro . (a) Lymph node T cells from C57BL/6 and OT-II transgenic mice were combined in a 1:1 ratio. The combined cells were labeled with CellTrace Violet (CTV) and treated with control EVs or AP-EVs-Th1. (b) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th1, control EVs, or anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads for three days, and proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (c) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2/CD45.1) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th1, or control EVs. (d) Percentage of T-bet-expressing CD4 + T cells. (e) Bar graph showing the percentage of T-bet-expressing wild-type (WT) CD4 + T or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th1 (orange). (f) The combined cells were co-cultured with AP-EVs-Th2 or control EVs for three days, and the proliferation and differentiation of OT-II T cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. (g) Flow cytometric plots of CTV-labeled OT-II (CD45.2) and polyclonal (CD45.1) T cells cultured with anti-mouse CD3/CD28 conjugated beads, AP-EVs-Th2, or control EVs. (h) Percentage of GATA-3-expressing CD4 + T cells. (i) Bar graph showing the percentage of GATA-3-expressing WT CD4 + or OT-II T cells under different concentrations of control EVs (black) and AP-EVs-Th2 (orange).

    Article Snippet: Lymph node T cells isolated from C57BL/6 and OT-II transgenic mice were stained with 1 μM CellTrace Violet (CTV) Cell Proliferation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) for flow cytometry and incubated at 37 °C for 3 min.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Transgenic Assay, Labeling, Control, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Expressing